Water Treatment Plant
A WTP is a System that is used to process water for domestic use (drinking), industrial, and recycling purposes. This system purifies water from its source, such as a lake, river & other source, to make it safe for human uses and other uses. The plant may include physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove contaminants and make the water suitable for its intended purpose. The water treatment plant is divided into two main parts: pre-treatment & post- treatment. In the pre-treatment, the water is filtered to remove all large particles with disinfectants such as chlorine, ultra violet or ozone to finish any bacteria and viruses. Now come on the post-treatment system, where chemicals are added to help remove any TSS and other pollutants. The water is then passed through a series of filters to further remove any remaining contaminants and particles. Finally, the water is sent to a holding tank, where the pH and other parameters can be adjusted. The water is then ready for distribution and use. Water treatment plants are essential for providing clean pure and safe drinking water to the public. It helps to protect public health by reducing the risk of waterborne diseases. They also help to protect the environment (water pollution) by preventing pollutants. As a result, water treatment plants are essential for ensuring a healthy and safe environment for everyone.
We can divide it many types which we can say type of water treatment plant
Type Of Water Treatment Plant
Water Softener:
A Water Softener is a whole-house filtration system that removes hardness-causing calcium and magnesium minerals from your water through a process called ion exchange. A water softener addresses one of the most prevalent and devastating water problems: hard water.
Water treatment plants are used to purify water for human consumption, irrigation, industrial use, and recreational activities.
The treatment process involves removing contaminants from the water such as sediment, bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. This treatment helps to ensure the safety of drinking water, reduce the risk of waterborne diseases, and improve the quality of water for other uses.
When the hard water enters into the mineral tank, it flows through a bed of spherical resin beads. These plastic beads, usually made from polystyrene, are charged with a sodium ion. The resin beads are anions, meaning they have a negative charge. The calcium and magnesium minerals have a positive charge, making them cations. Since opposite charges attract, the negative charge of the minerals is attracted to the positive charge of the resin beads. As the hard water passes through the resin, the beads grab a hold of the mineral ions and remove them from the water.
RO Plant:
Reverse osmosis (RO) reduces dissolved or suspended contaminants in water using pressure to push the unfiltered water, or brine, through a semipermeable membrane. The reverse osmosis membrane blocks the contaminants, allowing the clean water or permeate to flow through to the less concentrated side. RO systems are used in homes and industries where high-quality water with low TDS (total dissolved solids) is required.
A reverse osmosis water system removes: Fluoride, Salt, Sediment, Minerals, Chlorine, Arsenic, Volatile organic compounds, Herbicides, Pesticides, Many other dissolved solids.
Ultrafiltration Plant:
An ultrafiltration plant is a membrane based water treatment system that removes suspended solids, bacteria, viruses, and other particles from water. It uses a membrane with very small pores to separate contaminants from water. Ultrafiltration (UF) is a powerful water filtration process that uses standard home water pressure to propel water through a semi-permeable membrane The water is forced through the membrane, and the contaminants are trapped in the membrane, allowing clean water to flow out. Ultrafiltration is often used as a pre-treatment process before reverse osmosis, as it can remove particles that would otherwise clog the reverse osmosis membrane. It is also used in wastewater treatment plants to separate microorganisms and other contaminants from wastewater.
DM Plant :
Demineralization is the process of removing mineral salts from Water by using the ion exchange process.
Demineralised Water is Water completely free (or almost) of dissolved minerals as a result of one of the following processes:
⦁ Distillation
⦁ Deionization
⦁ Membrane filtration (reverse osmosis or Nano filtration)
⦁ Electro dialysis
⦁ Or other technologies.
Demineralized Water also known as Deionized Water, Water that has had its mineral ions removed. Mineral ions such as cations of sodium, calcium, iron, copper, etc. and anions such as chloride, sulphate, nitrate, etc. are common ions present in Water. Deionization is a physical process which uses specially-manufactured ion exchange resins which provides ion exchange site for the replacement of the mineral salts in Water with Water Forming H+ and OH- ions. Because the majority of Water impurities are dissolved salts, deionization produces a high purity Water that is generally similar to distilled Water, and this process is quick and without scale build-up. De-mineralization technology is the proven process for treatment of Water.